Introduction:
Tongue is a able-bodied agency associated with the action of deglutition,taste and speech.It acts as an calmly attainable agency for the appraisal of bloom of an alone and shows the accompaniment of hydration of the body.It is said that argot is the mirror of the gastrointestinal arrangement and any aberrant activity of the abdomen and belly will be reflected on the tongue.
Some appropriate changes action in the argot in some accurate diseases.That is why the assay of the argot is actual capital and will accord some clues for diagnosis.All doctors appraise the argot and they accede the changes in size,shape,,colour,moisture,coating,nature of papillae and movements ect.
Appearance of argot in some aberrant conditions:-
1) Movements of the tongue:-
a) In one sided aeroembolism of the body(hemiplegia)tongue moves arise the parylised ancillary back protruded.
b) Tremulus movement of the argot is apparent in diseases like thyrotoxicosis,delirium tremens and parkinsonisum.Tremor is additionally apparent in afraid patients.
c) In accelerating bulbar attached there will be crumbling and aeroembolism of the argot with fibrillation.Eventually the argot gets shrivelled and lies functionless in the attic of the mouth.This action is associated with dribbling of saliva and accident of speech.
d) In chorea(involuntary adroit movements) the accommodating may not be able to accumulate the protruded argot in rest,it will be affective involuntarily.
2) Clamminess of the tongue:-
The clamminess of the argot gives some adumbration about the accompaniment of hydration of the body.Water aggregate burning leads to borderline circulatory abortion characterised by weakness,thirst,restlessness,anorexia,nausea,vomiting ,dry and arid tongue.
Dryness of the argot is apparent in afterward conditions.
a) Diarrhoea
b) After stages of astringent illness
c) Advanced uraemia
d) Hypovolumic shock
e) Heat exhaustion
f) Hyponatraemia
g) Astute belly obstruction
h) Starvation
i) Prlonged fasting.
3) Change in colour of tongue:-
a) Central cyanosis:-
Cyanosis is the bluish discolouration of the fungus blur due to abatement in the bulk of oxygen in the blood.This is apparent in affection failure,respiratory abortion and in anoxia.In cyanosis tongue,lips ect becomes anemic bluish.
b) Jaundice:-
This is the bare discolouration of all fungus surfaces of the anatomy (including tongue)due to access of bilirubin in the blood.Jaundice is apparent in hepatitis,bile aqueduct obstruction,increased abolition of RBCs and ect...
c) Advanced uremia:-
This is the access of urea and added nitrogenous decay articles in the claret due to branch failure.Here the argot become amber in colour.
d) Keto acidosis:-
This is the acidosis with accession of ketone bodies apparent mainly in diabetes mellitus.Here the argot become amber with a archetypal ketone aroma from the mouth.
e) Riboflavin deficiency:-
Deficiency of this vitamin (vitamin B2) produces megenta colour of the argot with anguish and fissures of lips.
f) Niacin deficiency:-
Deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3)and some added B circuitous vitamins after-effects in ablaze scarlet or able-bodied red tongue.
g) Anaemia:-
It is the abatement in haemoglobin allotment of the blood.In astringent anaemia argot becomes pale.
4) Blanket on the tongue:-
a) Bad breath:-
The capital account for bad animation is accumulation of a adhesive coating(bio film) on the argot which lodges bags of anaerobic bacilli consistent in the assembly of offenssive gases.Those who accuse about bad animation may accept blubbery blanket on the after allotment of the tongue.
b) Typhoid fever:-
In typhoid agitation argot becomes white coared like a fur.
c) Candidiasis;-
It is a fungal infection which affects the fungus surfaces of the body.On the argot there will be sloughing white lesions.
d) In diabetes and hypoadrenalism there will be sloughing white lesions.
e) Accessory syphilis:-
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted afflicted acquired by trepenoma pallidum infection.In accessory date of this ache we can see close patches which are painless,smooth white glystening bleary plaques which can not be aching off easily.
f) Leokoplakia:-
Here white keratotic patches are apparent on the argot and articulate cavity.This is a precancerous condition.
g) AIDS:-
In these patients bearded leukoplakia is seen.
h) Peritonitis:-
It is the deepening of the peritonium(inner accoutrement of belly atrium which additionally covers the belly and accumulate them in position) in this action there is white furring of the tongue.
i) Astute illness:-
Furring is additionally apparent in some astute diseases.
5) Papillae:-
These are baby projections on the rongue associated with taste.There are altered blazon of papillae on the advantageous tongue.In some diseases there are some aberrant changes which are following.
a) Bearded tongue:-
This action is due to addendum of filiform papillae apparent in poor articulate hygeine ,general decrepitude and indigestion.
b) Geographic tongue:-
Here aberrant red and white patches arise on the tongue.These lesions looks like a geographic map.The excact account is not known.
c) Median rhomboid glossitis:-
In this action there is bland asperous red breadth in the after mid band of the tongue.This is a complete condition.
d) Comestible deficiency:-
In nutrional absence there is glossitis(inflammation of tongue) arch to papillary hypertrophy followed by atrophy.
e) Benign afoot glossitis:-
It is an inflamatory action of the argot breadth assorted annular areas of desquamation of papillae arise on the argot which about-face from breadth to breadth in few days.
f) Thiamine and riboflavin deficiency:-
Deficiency of these vitamins account hypertrophied filiform and fungiform papillae.
g) Niacin and adamant deficiency:-
In this action there is decline of papillae.Smooth argot is encountered in adamant deficiency.
h) Vitamin A deficiency:-
This causes channelled tongue.
i) In comestible megaloblastic anaemia argot becomes smooth.
j) Folic acerbic deficiency:-
Here macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia with glossitis is seen.
k) Cyano coblamine deficiency:-
Here glossitis with macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia and borderline neuropathy is encountered.
l) Scarlet fever;-
In this streptococcal infection there is ablaze red papillae continuing out of a blubbery white fur ,later the white covering abandon abrogation continued papillae on the ablaze red apparent and is alleged birthmark tongue.
6) Ulcers on the tongue:--
a) Apthous ulcer:-
These are annular aching ulcers arise in fatigued individuals frequently. May be associated with aliment allergy.Usual sites are tongue,lips,oral film and ect.
b) Canker simplex:-
It is an astute vesicular eruptions produced by canker canker virus.When these vesicles breach it forms ulcers.
c) Ulcer in cancer:-
Cancerous ulcers are accepting everted edges with adamantine base.Bleeding is additionally seen.Cancer of the argot is accepted in tobacco chewers.
d) Syphilitic ulcers:-
Syphilitic fissures are longitudinal in direction.In primary syphilis added animal chancre is apparent on the tongue.In accessory syphilis assorted bank ulcers are apparent on the beneath apparent and abandon of the tongue.In tertiary syphilis gumma may be apparent on the midline of the dorsum of the tongue.
e) Dental ulcers:-
These ulcers are produced by aciculate edges of addle teeth.
